The Special and Opportune Art of the Modern World
Modern Art Movements
With the commencement of the Industrial Revolution in the 2d one-half of the 19th century, new art styles and movements appeared and disappeared at an increasingly fast pace - thus reflecting the growing rate of changes in our guild. Here is a short overview of important modernistic art movements from Impressionism to Op Art.
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Modern Art Movements
The most important mod art movements from the finish of the 19th until the late 20th century.
- Impressionism
- Expressionism - Fauvism
- Fine art Nouveau
- Art Deco
- Cubism
- Surrealism
- Abstruse Fine art
- Pop Art
- Op Art
Impressionism
Impressionism
The history of modernistic art started with Impressionism. It all began in Paris equally a reaction to a very formal and rigid manner of painting - done within studios and prepare past traditional institutions like the Academie des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
The exhibition of Edouard Manet'south famous painting, Dejeuner sur l'herbe, in 1863 in the Salon des Refuses (organized by those painters who were rejected by the Academie des Beaux-Arts), caused a scandal. It tin be considered as the beginning of Impressionism.
The Impressionist painters preferred to paint outside and studied the consequence of calorie-free on objects. Their preferred subjects were landscapes and scenes from daily life. The all-time known names in Impressionist painting are Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Camille Pissarro and Pierre Auguste Renoir in France and Alfred Sisley in England.
Fauvism
The give-and-take Fauvism comes from the French word fauve, which means "wildlife". And indeed - this new modern art style was a flake wild - with strong and vivid colors. Paul Gauguin and the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh had carried Impressionism to its limits by using expressive colors. Fauvism went one stride further in using simplified designs in combination with an "orgy of pure colors" equally it was characterized by their critics. The first exhibition by Fauvist artists took place in 1905. The all-time-known fauve artists are Henri Matisse, Andre Derain, Maurice de Vlaminch, Kees van Dongen and Raoul Dufy.
Expressionism
High german Expressionism
Expressionism, in simplified terms, was some kind of a German modernistic art version of Fauvism. The expressionist movement was organized in two groups of German painters. I was called Dice Brücke, literally meaning The Bridge. The group was located in Dresden with the artists Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Erich Heckel, Emil Nolde, Max Pechstein, Otto Mueller and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. After Earth State of war I, this grouping was followed by another group of artists, calling themselves Dresdner Sezession.
The second Expressionist gathering of artists was centered in Munich. The group is known by the name Der Blaue Reiter, meaning The Blue Rider. The famous names are Franz Marc, Baronial Macke, Gabriele Münter, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee and Alexei Yavlensky.
Art Nouveau Movement
Fine art Nouveau is French and means New Art. Information technology is characterized by its highly decorative style and by the dedication to natural forms. Art Nouveau was popular from about 1880 to 1910 and was an International fine art movement. The Germans called it Jugendstil, the Italians Liberty, the Austrians Sezessionsstil and the Castilian Arte joven. Art Nouveau was not restricted to painting or printmaking. Information technology covered all forms of art - architecture, piece of furniture, jewelry, glass and illustration.
Fine examples of Fine art Nouveau are the subway entrances in Paris, the drinking glass works of Emille Galle and Louis Comfort Tiffany in the The states or the posters by Alphonse Mucha. A famous painter is Gustav Klimt. Art Nouveau did not survive World War I, maybe because of the high prices for Art Nouveau objects. With the philosophical roots in high quality handicraft, Art Nouveau was null for mass product.
Art Deco Movement
Fine art Deco was primarily a pattern style, popular in the 1920s and 1930s. In simplified terms, the Fine art Deco movement tin be considered equally the follow-up style on Fine art Nouveau - more simplified and closer to mass production. The Art Deco movement was dominant in manner, furniture, jewelry, textiles, architecture, commercial printmaking and interior decoration. The best known name is Rene Lalique, a jeweler and glassmaker. The Chrysler building in New York (1930) is an example of Art Deco way in architecture.
Cubism
Cubism, some other modern fine art movement, was primarily restricted to painting and sculpture. Still it had a major influence on the development of mod fine art. Cubism was initiated by the Spaniard Pablo Picasso and the Frenchman Georges Braques in Paris before World War I. Paul Cezanne, usually categorized equally a Post-Impressionist, can be considered as their predecessor.
Cubism had strong roots in African tribal art. In cubism, geometrical forms and fragmentations are favored. Everything is reduced to cubes and other geometrical forms. Ofttimes several aspects of 1 subject field are shown simultaneously. As famous artists besides Pablo Picasso and Georges Braques, Robert Delaunay, Marcel Duchamp, Juan Gris and Lyonel Feininger are to be mentioned. Cubism paved the fashion for abstract fine art.
Surrealism
Surrealism is another of the many modern fine art movements in the 20th century. Its philosophical "father" was Andre Breton, a French poet and writer who published the Surrealist guidelines, called Manifesto in 1924 in Paris. Surrealism emphasizes the unconscious, the importance of dreams, the psychological attribute in arts. Surrealism became an important motility in the fine arts, literature and in films (by the Spaniard Bunuel for example).
For the fine arts, the all-time-knownnames are Salvador Dali, the Italian Giorgio de Chirico with his strange and eerie town views, Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, Joan Miro, Yves Tanguy, Rene Margritte and the Russian Marc Chagall.
Abstruse Fine art
Russian-built-in painter Wassily Kandinsky is said to be the father of abstruse art. If you lot should ever come to Munich, yous should not miss a visit of the Lenbachhaus Museum. It has many Wassily Kandinsky paintings on display and you can recognize very well how his fashion developed by and by to semi-abstract so to abstruse painting.
Piet Mondrian, a Dutch painter, is another dominant character in establishing abstruse painting. Mondrian had experienced cubism in Paris. During World War II many leading artists emigrated to the United states, for instance Max Ernst, Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall. Thus New York became the new center for modern art and abstract painting.
Pop Fine art Movement
The give-and-take Pop Art is an abbreviation for Popular Art. The proper noun says it all. The Popular Fine art motility wanted to bring art back into the daily life of people. It was a reaction against abstract painting, which pop artists considered as too sophisticated and aristocracy. Pop artists' favorite images were objects from everyday's life like soup cans for Andy Warhol or comics for Roy Lichtenstein.
Typical for the attitude of the Pop Fine art move was Andy Warhol's use of serigraphy, a photo-realistic, mass-production technique of printmaking. Pop Art intruded into the media and advertising. The differences between The fine arts and commercial arts were voluntarily torn downwardly.
An excellent case are the designs of music album covers in the sixties. The undoubted cult figure of Popular Art was Andy Warhol (1928-1987). Other great names are Jaspar Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, David Hockney, Claes Oldenburg, Roy Lichtenstein, Georg Segal, Wayne or James Rosenquist. The Pop Fine art motion was mainly an American and British art movement.
Op Art Motion
Later on Pop Art information technology was Op Art, a short form for Optical Art. Op Fine art expressed itself with reduced geometrical forms - sometimes in blackness and white contrasts and sometimes with very brilliant colors. The about prominent artist is Hungarian-born Vasarely. In the seventies Op Art fifty-fifty made its manner into fashion design. But Op Art never succeeded in condign a actually pop mass-motility of modern art like Pop Fine art.
Author:
Dieter Wanczura
Kickoff Publication: six/29/2001
Latest Update: 12/25/2018
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